34 "...The powers that be..."
"Meaning -- The established government of authority.
Origin -- From the Bible, Romans 13:1 (King James Version): "Let every soul be subject unto
the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: The powers that be are ordained of
God."
-- Reference: Wikipedia.org
35 "...Columbus..."
"The name Christopher Columbus is the Anglicization of the Latin Christophorus
Columbus. Also well known are his name's rendering in modern Italian as Cristoforo
Colombo, in Portuguese as Cristóvão Colombo (formerly Christovam Colom), and in
Spanish as Cristóbal Colón."
-- Reference: Wikipedia.org
"Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contacts involve the interactions between the indigenous
peoples of the Americas and peoples of other continents – Europe, Africa, Asia, or Oceania
– before the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492. Many such events have been
proposed at various times, based on historical reports, archaeological finds, and cultural
comparisons."
(Please refer to the following website address for details of many other contacts with
the "new world" before Columbus):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Columbian_trans-oceanic_contact
36 "...unexplored universe..."
That is, "unexplored" by homo sapiens. Much like Columbus, who "discovered" the
Western Hemisphere, which had not yet been explored by Europeans, it had obviously been
explored by the millions of indigenous inhabitants long before Europe existed.
If any of the information in the "Alien Interview" transcripts is factual, it appears that the
universe has been very, very thoroughly explored indeed -- but not be humans.
-- The Editor
37 "...show us on a map of the stars which is the star of your home planet..."
"There are probably more than 100 billion (10 to the 11th power ) galaxies in the observable universe. Most galaxies are 1,000 to 100,000 parsecs (approximately 3.086×1016 m, 3.262 light-years or 19,176,075,967,324.937 miles) in diameter and are usually separated by distances on the order of millions of parsecs (or megaparsecs). Intergalactic space (the space between galaxies) is filled with a tenuous gas of an average density less than one atom per cubic meter.
Beginning in the 1990s, the Hubble Space Telescope yielded improved observations.
Among other things, it established that the missing dark matter in our galaxy cannot solely
consist of inherently faint and small stars. The Hubble Deep Field, an extremely long
exposure of a relatively empty part of the sky, provided evidence that there are (at least)
125 billion galaxies in the universe."
-- Reference: Wikipedia.org
38 "... a Japanese language specialist from the Navy ..."
"John A. Kneubuhl, was of mixed Samoan/American ancestry, John was an acclaimed
Pacific Island playwright who died in 1992. Born of Samoan, English and German ancestry,
Kneubuhl grew up in his Samoan grandmother's thatched hut until he was 13 years old. He
was educated at Punahou and Yale and wrote plays for the Honolulu Community Theater.
He joined the US Navy in 1942, entering the US Navy Japanese Language School at the
University of Colorado in July 1942 and graduated in August 1943. He served as a Navy
Japanese Language Officer. After the War, he spent 20 years as a TV writer in Hollywood,
writing scripts for the Wild, Wild West, Waterfront, Markham, West Point Story, and other
shows. John wrote the story for the Star Trek: The Original Series episode "Bread and
Circuses", although he did not receive screen credit in the finished episode.
Overview: Captain Kirk and his companions are forced to fight in gladiatorial games on a
planet modeled after the Roman Empire."
-- References: Wikipedia.org and
39 "... the Japanese people have a great number of homonyms..."
"In linguistics, a homonym is one of a group of words that share the same spelling and the
same pronunciation but have different meanings. Some sources only require that homonyms
share the same spelling or pronunciation (in addition to having different meanings).
Examples of homonyms are stalk (which can mean either part of a plant or to follow
someone around), bear (animal) and bear (carry), left (opposite of right) and left (past tense
of leave). Some sources also consider the following trio of words to be homonyms, but
others designate them as "only" homophones: to, too and two (actually, to, to, too, too and
two, being "for the purpose of" as in "to make it easier", the opposite of "from", also,
excessively, and "2", respectively). The word "homonym" comes from the conjunction of the
Greek prefix homo- (meaning same) and suffix -onym (meaning name). Thus, it refers to two
or more distinct words sharing the "same name"."
-- Reference: Wikipedia.org
40 "...standard Chinese characters..."
"A Chinese character or Han character (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ;
pinyin: Hànzì) is a logogram used in writing Chinese, Japanese, sometimes Korean, and
formerly Vietnamese. The number of Chinese characters contained in the Kangxi
dictionary is approximately 47,035, although a large number of these are rarely used
variants accumulated throughout history. Studies carried out in China have shown that full
literacy requires a knowledge of between three and four thousand characters. In the Chinese writing system, each character corresponds to a single spoken syllable. A
majority of words in all modern varieties of Chinese are poly-syllabic and thus require two or
more characters to write. Cognates in the various Chinese languages/dialects which have
the same or similar meaning but different pronunciations can be written with the same
character. In addition, many Chinese characters were adopted according to their
meaning by the Japanese and Korean languages to represent native words,
disregarding pronunciation altogether."
-- Reference: Wikipedia.org